Unit4 Travel

双基知识导学

1  I hope to see him as soon as possible

   我希望尽快地见到他。

    1as soon as possible的意思是“尽快的”,也可以说as quickly as possible.例如:

    I'll go home as soon as possible.我将尽快回家。

    You had better finish the work as soon as possible

    你最好尽快完成这项工作。

 

   2as...as possible“尽可能……,愈……愈好”,相当于as...as one can,把形容词和副词放在第一个as后面。例如:

    The little boy always trys to get to school as early as possible

    那小男孩总是尽可能早地到校。

    The boy ran towards school as fast as he could/as fast as possible

    那孩子飞快地朝学校奔去。

    You can be as careful as possible when you do your homework

    做作业时要尽可能地细心。

    He ate as much as he could at the dinner

    在那次宴会上,他放开肚子拼命地吃。

注意  possible的反义词是impossible“不可能的”。impossible很少用于人作主语的句子。如“你不可能做它”,这句话不要译成:You are impossible to do it.而要说:It is impossible for you to do it.

2  I'm free every day except today

    除今天外,我每天都有空。

    except是介词,意思是“除……之外”,指从同类的人或事物的整体中排除掉某一部分,即不包括这一部分在内,后面可跟名词、代词、介词短语,不定式或从句。例如:

  Everyone knows it except you.除了你(不知道),人人都知道。

  We go to school every day except Sunday

    除星期天外,我们天天去上学。

  He did nothing except work.除了工作他什么也不干。

  Jane can do everything except cook

    珍妮除了不做饭,什么都做。

  We all went except Tom.除了汤姆,我们都去了。

  I looked everywhere except in the bedroom

    除了卧室我到处都找了。

  She never came except when she was in trouble

  除非遇到麻烦,否则她一定不会来。

  The article is good except that it is too long

    这篇文章很好,只是太长了些。

注意  当句中的谓语是dov. + to do的形式,宾语是anythingeverythingnothing时,不定式符号to要省略.

3  I'll leave a message on his desk

    我会在他桌上留个留言条的。

    leave a message“留个口信”,类似的,给某人捎个口信可以说;take a message for sb    give sb a message

    give a message to sb.例如:

  Mr Smith isn't in his officeMay I leave a message on his desk?

    史密斯先生不在他的办公室里,我可以在他的桌子上留个口信吗?

  Will you please take the message for my sister?

    请为我妹妹捎个口信好吗?

  I'll give a message to her.我将给她个信儿。

4  She says that she will leave a message on the headmaster's desk.她说她将在校长的桌上留言。

    1That she will leave a message on the headmaster's desk是一个以连词that引导的宾语从句。that在口语或非正式文体中常常省略。

    2)主句的谓语动词是现在(或将来)时态时,宾语从句的谓语动词可以和主语的谓语动词时态不一致,也就是说可根据实际需要用不同的时态。例如:

    I hear he'll be back in a month.我听说他将一个月以后回来。

    I hear he is back already.我听说他已经回来了。

    I hear he has been back for a few days.我听说他回来好几天了。

    I hear he came back yesterday.我听说他是昨天回来的。

5  He says that he won't be free until tomorrow

    他说他明天才有空。

    句中until相当于tilltilluntil都可以用作介词或连词,其用法有两种:

  1)用在肯定句中,意为“到……(的时候)为止”,谓语动词一般是延续性的,表示这个动词的动作一直延续到till/until所表示的时间为止。例如:

    He won't leave until/till tomorrow.直到明天他才会离开。

    They talked till/until dawn.他们一直谈到天亮。

    Go along the road until you reach the end

    一直走下去,直到走到终点。

    Let's wait until the rain stops.让我们一直等到雨停吧。

  2)用在否定句中,意为“直接……才……”,表示这个动词的动作直到till/until所表示的时间才发生。例如:

    They didn't leave until their father came back

    直到他们的父亲回来,他们才离开。

    They are not going back to work until/fill they get more money

    他们要等到增加了工资才复工。

  3)含宾语从句的句子,一般要求主从句时态一致,但当主句用一般将来时,从句应用一般现在时表示将来的意义。例如:

    I won't believe it until I see it with my own eyes

    我亲眼看见才相信。

  4)这两个词一般情况下可以通用,但以下两种情况只能用until,不能用till

    ▲用于句首时,例如:

    Until you told me I had no idea of it

    在你告诉我之前,我对此事一无所知。

    ▲在以not开头的短语或从句里。例如:

    Not until eleven o'clock did we get home

    直到十一点我们才到家。

注意 tilluntil不同的是,till在口语中用得多一些,且一般不用于句首。

6  The station was very lively.火车站非常热闹。

    lively是形容词,它是“热闹的,有生气的”意思,相当于full of life,除此以外还有“活泼的、生动的”意思。类似的形容词还有friendlylovely,如:

    The child is healthy and lively.这孩子健康活泼。

    Her talk was lively and interesting。她的谈话生动风趣。

    That market isn't lively.那个市场毫无生气。

7  She said that it was better to get some food before they got on the train because food on the train was usually too expensive.她说上车前买些食品比较好,因为火车上的食物通常大贵。

    这个句子含有三个从句,即以that引导的宾语从句中又含有以before引导的时间状语从句和because引导的原因状语从句。在这个宾语从句中,因为主句的谓语动词是过去式said,从句的谓语也用了过去时态。在宾语从句中,当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,从句的谓语动词要和主句的谓语动词时态一致,即用过去时态的某种形式。例如:

    He saidthatthey were having a meeting.他说他们正在开会。

    He said he hoped to be back soon.他说他希望不久就回来。

8  The Greens could stand up and walk around

    格林一家可以站起来四处走走。

    在姓氏的复数形式之前加定冠词the,表示某人一家,也可指夫妇二人,作主语时,一般视为复数形式。例如:

    the Whites怀特一家人

    the Browns布朗一家人

    the Smiths史密斯一家人

    The Greens have gone to Shanghai.格林一家人去了上海。

    The Turners was watching TV at this time yesterday

    特纳一家昨天这个时候在看电视。

9  They kept watching the beautiful scenery out of the window

    他们继续观赏窗外的风景。

    keep doing sth.意思是“(继续)不断做某事,一直做某事”,相当于keep on doing sth,常可互换,但keep doing sth.更强调不断重复的、连续不断的动作或保持某一动作的持续状态。如:

  The baby kept crying until his mother came back

    这个婴儿一直哭到他妈妈回来。

  Keep smiling! Let me take a photo for you

    保持微笑!让我给你拍张照片。

  How can I trust you if you keep lying to me?

    如果你总是对我撒谎,我怎么能信任你?

  Keep talkingplease.请大家继续谈吧!

  I kept thinking about the match in the afternoon

    我一直在想下午的比赛。

  Don't keep on asking such questions.不要老是问这类问题。

  He caught cold and kept on coughing all the morning

    他感冒了,整个上午不停地咳嗽。

注意  keep on不能跟表示状态的动词连用,如可以说keep standing.不说keep on standing.

10  The conductor kept coming to offer them hot water and selling them magazines.列车员不断地来给他们送热水,卖给他们杂志。

    offer既可作动词,又可作名词,意为“拿出;提供;给予”。常用于词组offer sbsth.“给予某人某物”,offer to do sth.“(主动)提出要做某事”中。例如:

  He offered a good idea.他提出一个好主意。

  I offered him a glass of wine.我敬了他一杯酒。

  She offered to carry the box for her mother

    她提出要帮她的母亲搬箱子。

  We offered to help him with his English

    我们提出帮助他学英语。

11  People nearby talked with each other

    在附近的人们相互谈话。

1nearby在这里是副词,意为“在附近”,作定语时要后置;另外  nearby还可以作形容词,意为“附近的”,作定语,此时要放在所修饰词的前面。例如:

  We went fishing in the river nearby.我们去附近的河里钓鱼。

  I live in a nearby village.我住在附近的村子里。

2talk with意为“与……交谈”,相当于talk to,它和talk abouttalk oftalk on都有“谈及”之意,但用法稍有不同。

  1talk with后接谈话的对象作宾语,介词with可用to代替。例如:

    He was talking with/to a friend.他在与一位朋友谈话。

    The teacher will talk to/with us.老师将和我们谈话。

  2talk about意为“谈论”,后接谈话的内容,宾语可以是人,也可以是物。例如:

    What are you talking about?你们在谈论什么?

    Let's not talk about it now.这事咱们别谈了。

  3talk of意为“谈到,谈及”,与talk about同义,只是talk of仅指“浅谈表面现象(如作者,书名等)。”例如:

    We often talk of you.我们常常谈到你。

    Noboday talked of it.没有人谈到它。

  4talk on表示“论述”,不仅指内容,而且还指评论。例如:

    They seldom talked on politics in those days

      那时候他们很少谈论政治。

    We like talking on history.我们喜欢谈论历史。

12  A young man practised speaking English with Mr Green

    一个年轻人和格林先生练习说英语。

    practise是动词,意为“练习,操练”,其名词形式是practice,二者读音相同。practise后可接名词、代词、动名词或宾语从句,不可接动词不定式。例如:

  We'll pratise dialogues like these.我们要练习这样的对话。

  The students are practising singing the new song

    学生们在练习唱这首新歌。

  She has to practise playing the piano after supper

    吃完晚饭后,她得练习弹钢琴。

  The pupils are practising what the teacher has taught

    学生们正在练习老师所教过的内容。

13  He listened to the click of the rails and then fell fast asleep

    听着火车轨道的咔嗒声,他很快就睡熟了。

  1fall asleep“入睡”,asleep是形容词,在句中常作表语。fall fast asleep意为“酣睡”,fast为副词,意思为“酣畅地”。例如:

    As soon as he went to bedhe fell fast asleep

      他一上床就进入了梦乡。

    He couldn't fall asleep because of the noise

      由于吵闹声,他难以入睡。

    She was too tired and fell fast asleep

      她太累了,很快就睡着了。

  2)“睡觉”的表达法:go to bedin bedgo to sleepget to sleepfall asleepbe asleep的区别

    go to bed指“就寝”,只表示“上床去睡”这一动作,无“睡着”之意,它的对应词组是get up“起床”。

    I often go to bed early.我通常很早就睡觉。

    It's time to go to bed.该睡觉了。

    in bed表示一种状态,在句子中常用作表语,意为“躺在床上,睡着”。其中in不能用on替换。

    He is ill in bed.他生病卧床。

    He stayed in bed till eight.他一直睡到八点。

    go to sleepget to sleep意义相近,均指“入睡,睡着”,强调进入梦乡的过程。两者均含有“开始睡觉”的意思,即begin to sleep.例如:

    I don't know when I went to sleep/got sleep last night.

    我不知道我昨晚什么时候睡着的。

    fall asleep意即“睡着”,表示一个动作的过程,侧重于“自然而然地入睡”,有时也含有“不想入睡而入睡”之意;be asleep,“熟睡”,强调睡眠的状态,该短语在句中作谓语。例如:

    He Was asleep the moment after his head touched the pillow

    他的头一挨着枕头(即一躺下)就睡着了。

    One after anotherall three of them fell asleep

    他们三人一个接一个全都睡着了。

14  When Jim woke up the next morningthe train was already near Chengdu.当杰姆醒来时,火车已到成都附近了。

  1wake up“叫醒;醒来”,当“叫醒”讲时,能跟宾语。up为副词,若宾语是名词,可放在up之前或之后;若宾语是人称代词,用宾格,放在动副词之间;be awake“醒来的”,强调醒来后的那种状态。例如:

    Wake Li Lei up at six.=Wake up Li Lei at six

      六点叫醒李雷。

    Please wake me up at six tomorrow.请明天六点叫醒我。

    The girl woke up early this morning

      那个女孩今天早上醒得很早。

    He is awake.他醒了。

  2the next morning“第二天早上”,是以过去或将来的某个时间为起点,译为“第二天……”,如:the next yearweekmonth“第二天/星期/月”,时态可用一般过去时或一般将来时;next是“下一个”,以现在为起点,如:next termyearmonth.“下一学期/年/月”,与一般将来时连用。例如:

    She came here very earlyThe next day she went home

      她来得很早,第二天她回家了。

    I'll give up smoking next month.下个月我将戒烟。

15  What a pity!真可惜/真是遗憾!

    这是对某事感到遗憾或对某物感到可惜时的常用语。pity在这里是“可惜的事,憾事”,是可数名词,其复数形式是pitiespity作不可数名词时是“怜悯,同情”的意思。例如:

  Don't take pity on him.不要同情他。

  We all felt great pity for the boy whose mother died

    我们都很同情这个死了妈妈的孩子。

  ③—He failed again.他又败了。

    What a pity!真可惜!

16  You must be very tired.想必你一定很劳累。

    must be表示对现在的情况或状态的推测,意为“一定”,“准是”。例如:

  You must be our new English teader

    你一定是我们新的英语老师。

  He must be in the classroom.他一定在教室里。

注意  这种情况的反意疑问句部分的谓语动词形式是isn'taren't(视主语的单、复数而定)。例如:

  It must be seven o'clock now, isn't it?现在一定是7点钟,是吧?

  They must be having dinner, aren't they?他们准是在吃饭,是吗?

17  Did you take any photos?你拍照了吗?

    take photos意为“照相,拍照”。例如:

  He took some photos of the family.他给这家人拍了几张照片。

  She like taking photos.她喜欢照像。

18  There goes the bell.铃响了。

  1.这是一倒装句,用以引起注意,加强语气。以therehere开头的句子,引起注意时,主语是名词,主谓须倒装,是代词时,不倒装。例如:

    There comes the bus!汽车来了!

    Here it is.在这儿。

  2.此处go为不及物动词,译为“发出声音”。例如:

    The bell wentding-dong.”钟声“丁当”响。

    The clock went l2.钟敲12点。

19  Hurry up! Or we'll be late.快点!否则我们要迟到了。

    or在本文中意思是“否则,不然”,作连词,常构成固定句式“祈使句+and/or+简单句”,相当于If youdon't)...,....例如:

  Work hardand you'll be good at it.

    If you work hardyou'll be good at it.

    努力学习,你就会学好的。

  Hurry upor you'll miss the first bus

    If you don't hurry upyou'll miss the first bus

    快点,否则就赶不上头班车了。

  Don't eat too much sweet foodor you'll have trouble teeth

    别吃太多的甜食,否则你会长蛀牙的。

20  What is the least expensive way to travel?

    最便宜的旅行方法是什么?

  1least是形容词little的最高级,意为“最少的”,“最小的”,反义词是most.例如:

    He has least money of all of us.我们中他钱最少。

    There wasn't the least wind today.今天一点风也没有。

  2.动词不定式to travelway的后置定语。例如:

    Would you like something to drink?你想要点喝的吗?

    What's the most expensive way to travel?

    最贵的旅游的方式是什么?

    There is no time to think.没有思考的时间了。

21  Most people get sick because of the cold weather

    由于天气寒冷,许多人患病。

  1becausebecause of都作“因为”,“由于”解,区别在于:

    because作连词,后跟原因状语从句,是主句的直接原因,常用来回答why的问句。例如:

    ①—Why is the girl crying?这个女孩为什么在哭?

    Because she lost her way.因为她迷路了。

    Because he is illhe is not here today

    因为他病了,所以他今天没来。

    because of作复合介词,后跟名词或代词,相当于名词词组。例如:

    The football match was put off because of the rain

    因为下雨,足球赛延期了。

  2)试比较

    She couldn't go to school because she was ill

    She couldn't go to school because of illness

      他因病没来上学。

    We didn't go to the park because it rained

    We didn't go to the park because of the rain

      因为下雨我们没去公园。

  3becauseassincefor都可表示原因,他们的区别在于:

    because用来说明事情的直接原因;如果原因不重要或已为人们所知,就用assince,而since比较正式;for作为并列连词时,连接两个并列句子,for引导的句子表示推测的原因或对主句的补充说明的原因。例如:

  Because I was ill for six monthsI lost my job

    因为病了六个月,我失业了。

  As it's rainingwe shall have to stay at home

    因为下雨了,我只好呆在家。

  Since light travels faster than soundwe see lightening before we hear the thunder.因为光比声传播的快,所以我们先看见闪电,后听到雷鸣。

  It must have rainedfor the ground is all wet

    一定下过雨,因为地上全湿了。